Nut-lock washer



(No Model.)

A.. L. MILLS. NUT LOCK WASHER.

No. 505,839. Patented om.. a, 1893.

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UNrTnD STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ARTHUR L. MILLS, OF TOLEDO, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE TOLEDO NUT LOCK COMPANY, OF OHIO.

NUT-LOCK WASHER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 505,839, dated October 3, 1893.

Application tiled January 31, 1893. Serial No. 460,210. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.- Beit known that I, ARTHUR L. MILLS, of Toledo, county of Lucas, and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Im` provements in Nut-Lock Vtashers; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, ro referencebeinghad totheaccompanyingdrawings, and to the iigures of reference marked thereon, which form part of this specification. My invention relates to a nut lock washer, and has for its object to provide a washer havingacentral orifice and a circumferential convexity therefrom radially, with the wall 0f the oriiice on a plane parallel with the periphery of the bolt, so that when the washer is placed upon the top of the nut with the zo apex of the convex side resting thereon, and then forced to a plane parallel with the face of the top of the nut, the wall of the orifice will have an inclination ofu vsixty degrees, or co-incidentwith the pitch of the thread of the 2 5 bolt, to cause the Wall to rest in the groove of the thread, and to cut oblique lyinto the same when resting at right angles to the bolt, thereby securing greater holding capacity, and avoiding the upsetting of the metal of the 3o washer as the wall ofthe orice contracts.

With these objects in View the invention consists broadly in a conical Washer having a central orifice to tit the bolt and the wall of the orifice either entirely or partially upon a plane parallel with the periphery 0f the bolt, when the washer is dished, so that when the Washer is attened, either the entire wall or a portion of the thickness shall be of an angle co-incident with the pitch of the thread, 4o and the edge of the wall adapted to enter the groove of the thread when parallel, and to cut into the same when oblique.

In the drawings: Figure l is a plan View of a bolt having a nut locked thereon by my improved Washer. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the Washer flattened. Fig. 3 is an edge view of one half of a washer when flattened, showing the Wall of the orice of the same thickness of the washer. Fig. 4t is a sectional edge View 5o of a washer when dished, showing in dotted lines the angle of the wall to a plane parallel with the periphery of the bolt. Fig. 5 is a like view with the wall of the orifice properly trimmed. Fig. 6 is an edge View of one half the washer with the wall of the orifice trimmed, s

showing the angle of the Wall when the washer is fiattened. Fig. 7 is a sectional. edge view of the washer when dished, showing by dotted lines a portion of the angle of the wall to be removed to trim the major portion of the Wall to a plane parallel with the periphery of the bolt. Fig. 8 is a like viewwith the wall of the orice properly trimmed. Fig. 9 is an edge view of one half of the Washer, when iattened, with a portion of the wall of the orifice on a pitch co-incident with the pitch of the thread.

Heretofore inthe use of a Washer in locking the nut upon abolt, the wall of the Washer has been of a thickness to span the threads, and as a consequence, the eect has been to upset the met-a1 of the wall of the orifice, rather than to cause the same to contract and enter the groove of the thread when parallel therewith, and to embed in the metal of the thread when obliq ue. This feature has resulted in simply a mutilation of the thread, and an undue enlargement of the orifice.

I have discovered that by trimming the wall of the orifice, when dished, so that the wall is wholly or partially on a plane parallel Vwith the periphery of the bolt, the effect will be to form a wall to the orifice with an angle of the same degree as the pitch of the thread, and thereby cause the wall to enter the groove of the threads, when parallel, and to cut into the same when oblique, when the wall is contracted by iiattening the washer, thereby in suring a firm hold upon the bolt without mutilating the threads. In distorting the metal in dishing the same, the metal will fracture at a given point of distortion, and therefore the expansion of the diameter of the orifice is in a ratio with the amount of concavity given the metal. By my invention there is a larger orice at the same distortion, and a con sequent greater contraction of the metal upon the bolt.

In carrying out my invention I employ a washer l'having a central orifice 2 of less diameter than the bolt 3 upon which it is to be placed, and then dish the washer to expand the wall IOO of the orifice, the wall being preferably formed with semi-circular recesses 4 to assist in the proper expansion, after which I trim the edge of the Wall, taking therefrom either all the 5 metal 5 that is forced to an angle with the periphery of the bolt, as shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, or nearly all of the metal 5 of the angle, as shown in Figs. 7, 8, and 9, to form an angle to the Wall, when the washer is flattened 1o upon the top of the nut 5 that shall co-incide with the pitch of the thread, and cause the wall to enter the groove of the thread when parallel, and cut into the threads when oblique thereto. r 5 The modification shown in Figs. 7, 8, and 9 is for a Washer in use upon abolt having eX- ceedingly coarse threads, in which the square portion 6y of the edge of the Wall Will seat in the groove, and the angled portion co-incident With the thread.

A convenient means for trimming the angle of the Wall of the orifice is to provide a punch of the correct diameter, to trim the desired amount of the angle, and force the same z 5 through the metal as the Washer is dished.

In operation, the Washer is placed upon the bolt, with the apex upon the top of the nut, and the Washer is flattened to a plane parallel with the face of the nut, when the Wall of the orifice will enter the groove of the thread, 3o and cut into the oblique portions as the wall contracts, thereby securing the Washer firmly,

a result that could not be attained were the wall of the Washer of the same thickness as the body portion as shown in Fig. 3. 35

What I claim is- A nut lock Washer having a central oriice normally smaller than the bolt, expanded by dishing the same to fit the bolt, the Wall of the oriiceof the Washer being formed with 4o an inclination coinciding With the pitch ot' the thread of the bolt when the washer is fiattened.

Iny testimony that I claim the foregoing as myownlherebyaftix mysignaturein presence 45 of two Witnesses.

ARTHUR L. MILLS. Witnesses:

WILLIAM WEBSTER, CARROLL J. WEBSTER. 

